What term is used to refer to traditional music in Japan?

The term "Hogaku" specifically refers to traditional Japanese music and encompasses a variety of styles, instruments, and forms that have been developed and preserved throughout Japan's rich cultural history. This term broadly categorizes the traditional music of Japan, which includes vocal and instrumental forms used in various contexts, including theater, festivals, and religious ceremonies.

Gagaku, while a significant part of traditional music, refers specifically to the ancient court music and dance of Japan, which is a subset of the broader category represented by Hogaku. Shamisen is a three-stringed instrument commonly used in traditional music, but it does not encompass the entire range of traditional music styles. Noh refers to a specific form of musical theater that combines drama, music, and dance, making it another category within the wider scope of Hogaku.

This context highlights why Hogaku is the most encompassing and appropriate choice for referring to traditional music in Japan.