What defines a sub-culture?

A sub-culture is defined by its distinct characteristics that set it apart from the dominant culture, particularly in terms of beliefs, values, and practices. Sub-cultures often emerge within a larger cultural framework and maintain unique elements that may reflect different lifestyles, interests, or ideologies, contrasting with mainstream values. This distinction is what makes option B the correct choice. For example, punk, goth, or hip-hop cultures can serve as sub-cultures that express alternative forms of identity and expression within a broader societal context.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of a sub-culture. A dominant culture influencing all suggests a homogenizing effect, ignoring the uniqueness of sub-cultures. A culture based solely on geographical boundaries focuses on spatial aspects rather than the distinct beliefs and practices that characterize sub-cultures. Finally, a group that merges without distinct characteristics describes an absence of differentiation, which fundamentally contradicts the idea of a sub-culture, as these groups thrive on their unique identity separate from the mainstream.